UGC NET Philosophy Syllabus 2023: Paper 2 Download PDF: Syllabus Website

Last updated on November 19th, 2022 at 11:02 am

UGC NET Philosophy Syllabus

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The NET JRF syllabus is divided into 10 units. Each units has sub-topics.

• Unit-1: Classical Indian: Epistemology and Metaphysics
• Unit-2 : Classical Western: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern : Epistemology and Metaphysics
• Unit -3: Indian Ethics
• Unit -4: Western Ethics
• Unit-5: Contemporary Indian Philosophy
• Unit-6: Recent Western Philosophy
• Unit- 7: Social and Political Philosophy: Indian
• Unit-8: Social and Political Philosophy: Western
• Unit- 9: Logic
• Unit- 10 : Applied Philosophy

 

 

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NET BUREAU

NET SYLLABUS

Subject : PHILOSOPHY

Code No.: 03

 

Unit-1: Classical Indian: Epistemology and Metaphysics

Vedic and Upanişadic: şta – the cosmic order, the divine and the human realms; the centrality of the institution of yajña (sacrifice), theories of creation Ātman – Self ( and not – self ), Jāgrat, Svapna, Susupti and turiya, Brahman.

Cārvāka : Pratyakṣa as the only pramāna, critique of anumāna and sabda, Consciousness as epi-phenomenon.

Jainism : Concept of reality – sat, dravya, guņa, paryāya, Jiva, ajiva, anekāntavāda, syādvāda and nayavāda; theory of knowledge.

Buddhism : Four Noble Truths, AstangikaMārga, Distinction between Brahmiņic and Śraminic traditions. Pratityasamutpāda, kşanabhahgavāda, anātmavāda. Schools of Buddhism : Vaibhāşika, Sautrāntika, Yogacāra, Madhyamika and Tibetan Buddhism.

Nyāya : Pramā and apramā, Theories of pramāņa: pratyakşa, anumāna, upamana, śabda. Hetvabhāsa. Concept of God. Debate between Buddhism and Nyāya about Pramāņa-Vyavasthā and PramāņaSamplava. Anyathākhyati.

Vaiśeşika: Concept of padārtha and its kinds, Asatkāryavāda, kinds of Kāraṇa: samavāyi, asamavāyi, and nimittakārana, paramaņukaraņavāda.

Sāmkhya : Satkāryavāda, prakrti and its evolutes, arguments for the existence of praksti, nature of purusa, arguments for the existence and plurality of puruşa, relationship between puruşa and prakrti, atheism.

Yoga : Patañjali’s Theory of Pramāņa, concept of ċitta and ċitta – výtti, stages of ćitt-bhumi, the role of God in Yoga.

Purva – Mimāmsā: Pramāṇyavāda: Svatah-pramāṇyavāda and Paratah-pramāṇyavada, Śruti and its importance, classification of śruti-vākyas, vidhi, nişedha and arthavāda, dharma, bhāvanā, śabda-nityavāda, Jāti, śaktivada; Kumārila and Prabhākara Schools of Mimāmsa and their major points of difference, triputi – samvit, jñatatā, abhāva and anupalabdhi, anvitadbhidhanavāda, abhihitanvayavāda, Theories of error: Akhyāti, Viparitakhyāti, atheism.

Vedānta:

Advaita : Brahman, relation between Brahman and Ātman, three grades of sattā, Adhyāsa, māya, Jiva, Vivartavāda, Anirvachniya-khyāti.

Viśiştādvaita : SagunaBrahmaṇ, refutation of māya, aprthaksiddhipariņāmavāda, Jiva, bhakti and prapatti, Brahma-Pariņāmavāda, Sat-khyāti.

Dvaita : Rejection of nirgunabrahman and māya, bheda and sāksi, bhakti.

Dvaitavaita: Concept of Jñānaswaroop, kinds of inanimate

Sudhadvaita: Concept of Avikrta-pariņāmavāda.

 

Unit-2 : Classical Western: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern : Epistemology and Metaphysics

Pre-Socratic Philosophers: Thales, Anaxagoras, Anaximenies, lonians, Pythagoras, Parmenides, Heraclitus and Democritus,

The Sophists and Socrates

Plato and Aristotle:

Plato – Theory of knowledge, knowledge and opinion, theory of Ideas, the method of dialectic, soul and God.

Aristotle – Classification of the sciences, the theoretical, the practical and the productive, logic as an organon, critique of Plato’s theory of Ideas, theory of causation, form and matter, potentiality and actuality, soul and God.

Medieval Philosophy:

St. Augustine: Problem of Evil.

St. Anselm: Ontological argument.

St. Thomas Aquinas: Faith and Reason, Essence and Existence, the Existence of God.

 

Modern Western Philosophy:

Descartes : Conception of method , Criteria of truth, doubt and methodological scepticism, cogito ergo sum, innate ideas, Cartesian dualism: mind and matter, proofs for the existence of God, interactionism.

Spinoza : Substance, Attribute and Mode, the concept of ‘God or Nature’, Intellectual love of God, parallelism, pantheism, three orders of knowing.

Leibnitz : Monadology, truths of reason and fact, innateness of ideas, proofs for the existence of God, principles of non-contradiction, sufficient reason and identity of indiscernibles, the doctrine of pre-established harmony, problem of freedom.

Locke : Ideas and their classification, refutation of innate ideas, theory of substance, distinction between primary and secondary qualities, theory of knowledge, three grades of knowledge.

Berkeley : Rejection of the distinction between primary and secondary qualities, immaterialism, critique of abstract ideas, esseestpercipi, the problem of solipcism; God and self.

Hume : Impressions and ideas, knowledge concerning relations of ideas and knowledge concerning matters of fact, induction and causality, the external world and the self, personal identity, rejection of metaphysics, scepticism, reason and the passions.

Kant : The critical philosophy, classification of judgements, possibility of synthetic a priori judgements, the Copernican revolution, forms of sensibility, categories of understanding, the metaphysical and the transcendental deduction of the categories, phenomenon and noumenon, the Ideas of Reason – soul, God and world as a whole, rejection of speculative metaphysics.

Hegel : The conception of Geist (spirit), the dialectical method, concepts of being, non – being and becoming, absolute idealism, Freedom.

 

Unit -3: Indian Ethics

• Concept of Purusārtha, Śreyas and Preyas
• Varņāshrama, Dharma, Sadhārana Dharma
• Rna and yajña, Concept of duty
• Karma-yoga, Sthitprajña, Svadharma, Lokasamgraha
• Apurva and Adrsta
• Sadhya-Sadhana, Itikartavyata
• Law of Karma: ethical implications
• Rta and Satya
• Yoga-ksema
• Astanga Yoga
• Jainism: Samvara-nirjarā, Tri-ratņa, Panch-vrata.
• Buddhism: Upāya-Kaushal, Brahma-vihāra: matri, karuņā, muditā, upeksha, bodhisattva
• Carvaka’s Hedonism

 

Unit -4: Western Ethics

• Concepts of Good, right, justice, duty, obligation, cardinal virtues, Eudaemonism, Intuition as explained in Teleological and Deontological Theories.
• Egoism, Altruism, Universalism
• Subjectivism, Cultural Relativism, Super-naturalism.
• Ethical realism and Intuitionism,
• Kant’s moral theory: Postulates of morality, Good-will, Categorical Imperative, Duty, Mean and ends, Maxims.
• Utilitarianism: principle of utility, problem of sanction and justification of morality, kinds of utilitarianism, Moral theories of Bentham, J. S. Mill, Sidgwick Theories of Punishment
• Ethical cognitivism and non-cognitivism: Emotivism, Prescriptivism, Descriptivism

 

Unit-5: Contemporary Indian Philosophy

Vivekananda: Practical Vedanta, Universal Religion, Religious Experience, Religious Rituals

Sri Aurobindo: Evolution, mind and supermind, Integral Yoga

Iqbal: Self, God, man and superman, Intellect and Intuition

Tagore: Religion of man, ideas on education, Concept of Nationalism

C. Bhattacharyya: Swaraj in ideas, Concept of Philosophy, subject as Freedom, the doctrine of Maya.

Radhakrishnan: Intellect and intuition, the Idealist view of life, concept of Universal Religion, Hindu view of life.

Krishnamurti: Conception of thought, Freedom from the known, analysis of self, Choiceless awareness

Gandhi: Truth, Non-violence, satyagraha, swaraj, critique of modern civilization.

Ambedkar: Annihilation of caste, philosophy of Hinduism, Neo-Buddhism

D.D. Upadhyaya: Integral Humanism, Advaita Vedanta, Purusartha

Narayana Guru: the spiritual freedom and social equality, one caste, one religion, one God.

Tiruvallur: Tirukkural

JyotibaPhule: Critical understanding of Caste-system.

M.N.Roy: Radical Humanism, Materialism

Maulana Azad: Humanism

 

Unit-6: Recent Western Philosophy

Analytic and Continental Philosophy:

Frege: Sense and Reference

Logical Positivism: Verification theory of meaning, Elimination of metaphysics, concept of Philosophy

Moore: Distinction between Sense and Reference, Refutation of Idealism, Defense of commonsense, Proof of an External World.

Russell: Logical Atomism, Definite Descriptions, Refutation of Idealism

Wittgenstein: Language and Reality, Facts and objects, names and propositions, the picture theory, critique of private language, meaning and use, forms of life, notion of philosophy, Wittgensteinian Fideism, On Certainty.

Gilbert Ryle: Systematically misleading expressions, category mistake, concept of mind, critique of Cartesian dualism

J. Ayer: The Problem of Knowledge

W.V.o. Quine: Two Dogmas of Empiricism

H.P. Grice and P.F. Strawson: In Defense of a dogma

Phenomenology and Existentialism:

Husserl: Phenomenological Method, Philosophy as a rigorous science, Intentionality, Phenomenological Reduction, Inter-subjectivity

Heidegger: The concept of Being (Dasein), Man as being in the world, critique of technological civilization

Kierkegaard: Subjectivity as Truth, Leap of faith

Sartre: Concept of Freedom, Bad-faith, Humanism

Morleau-Ponty: Perception, Embodied Consciousness

Pragmatism:

William James: Pragmatic Theories of Meaning and Truth, Varieties of Religious experience

John Dewey: Concept of Truth, Common-faith, education

Post-Modernism:

Nietzsche: Critique of Enlightenment, Will to Power, Genealogy of Moral

Richard Rorty: Critique of representationalism, Against Epistemological method, Edifying Philosophy

Immanuel Levinas: Ethics as a first philosophy, Philosophy of ‘other’

 

Unit- 7: Social and Political Philosophy: Indian

Mahabharata: Danda-niti, foundations, dharma, Law and Governance, Narada’s Questions to King Yudhisthir

Kautilya: Sovereignty, Seven Pillars of State-craft, State, Society, Social-life, State administration, State economy, law and justice, internal security, welfare and external affairs

Kamandaki: Social order and State elements

Constitutional Morality, Secularism and Fundamental Rights

Constitutionalism, Total revolution, terrorism, Swadeshi, Satyagrah, Sarvodaya, Social

Democracy, State Socialism, Affirmative Action, Social Justice

Social Institutions: Family, Marriage, property, education and religion Colonialism

 

Unit-8: Social and Political Philosophy: Western

Plato: Ideal State and Justice

Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau: Social Contract Theory

Isaiah Berlin: Conceptions of Liberty

Bernard Williams: Idea of Equality

Liberalism: Rawls; Distributive justice, Nozick; Justice as Entitlement, Dworkin; Justice as equality; Amartya Sen: Global Justice, Freedom and Capability.

Marxism: Dialectical Materialism, Alienation, Critique of Capitalism, Doctrine of Class Struggle and Classless Society.

Communitarianism: Communitarian critique of liberal self, Universalism Vs. Particularism, Theory of Charles Taylor, MacIntyre, Michael Sandel

Multiculturalism: Charles Taylor; Politics of recognition, Will Kymlicka; conception of Minority Rights

Feminism: Basic Concepts: Patriarchy, misogyny, Gender, Theories of Feminism; Liberal, Socialist, radical and eco-feminism

 

Unit- 9: Logic

Truth and Validity

Denotation and Connotation

Nature of Propositions

Categorical Syllogism

Laws of thought

Classification of Propositions

Square of Opposition

Truth-Functions and Propositional Logic

Quantification and Rules of Quantification

Symbolic Logic: Use of symbols

Decision Procedures: Truth Table, Using Truth- Tables for testing the validity of arguments

Venn Diagram, informal and formal Fallacies

Proving Validity, Argument and Argument-form

Axiomatic System, Consistency, Completeness

Differences between Deductive and Inductive Logic

 

Unit- 10 : Applied Philosophy

What is applied Philosophy?

Philosophy of Technology; technology, dominance, power and social inequalities Democratization of Technology

Public evaluation of science and technology

Ethical Implication of information technology, bio-technology, non-technology

Environmental Ethics: Nature as means or end, Aldo-Leopold; land-ethics, Arne Naess: Deep Ecology, Peter Singer; Animal Rights

Medical-Ethics: Surrogacy, Doctor-patient relationship, abortion, euthanasia, female-infanticide

Professional Ethics: Corporate Governance and ethical responsibility

Media Ethics: ethical issues in Privacy, cyber space, pornography, representation and differences-marginalization

Legal Ethics: law and morality, Legal Obligation, Authority and validity of Law

Philosophical Counseling: Managing everyday problems

 

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